What are birds? | 鳥是什麽? | How do birds fly? | 鳥是怎麽飛的？
視頻和卡片内容：
Today, we are going to talk about birds.
今天，我們來談論鳥類。
What is it that makes an animal a bird? / What are birds?
鳥是什麽？
The main characteristic of a bird is feathers.
鳥的主要特徵是羽毛。
Birds have wings and hollow bones.
鳥有翅膀和中空的骨頭。
Birds lay eggs.
鳥下蛋。
Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates.
鳥是溫血脊椎動物。
How do birds fly?
鳥是怎麽飛的？
Birds that fly, do so by flapping their wings and using air pressure to
create lift under their wings. Just like aeroplanes do.
飛行的鳥類通過拍打翅膀並利用空氣的壓力在翅膀下方產生升力。就像飛機一樣。
Hollow bones also help in flying because they help make the bird light
enough to fly.
中空的骨頭也有助於飛行，因為它們有助於使鳥兒輕到足以飛翔。
Although an important characteristic of most birds is flying, not all birds
fly.
雖然飛行是鳥類一個重要的特徵，但是并非所有鳥類都會飛行。
Some birds that don’t fly are penguins, kiwis, emus and ostriches.
一些不會飛的鳥類如企鵝、鷸鴕、鴯鶓和鴕鳥。
What are feathers?
什麽是羽毛？
Feathers are important to birds because they keep them warm, help them fly,
and provide camouflage.
羽毛對鳥類很重要，因為它們可以保暖、幫助它們飛行並提供掩飾。
Feathers are made from – keratin. This is the same stuff that fingernails
are made of.
羽毛是由角蛋白組成。指甲也是由這種物質組成。
Keratin is a very strong and light material.
角蛋白是一種非常強而輕的材料。
At the centre of the feather is a hollow shaft called the rachis. Connected
to the shaft are lots of thin branches called barbs.
羽毛的中心是一個空心軸，稱為羽軸。連接到軸的是許多小分枝稱為羽枝。
Off of the barbs are even smaller branches called barbules. All of these
branches make a light structure that can gather air to fly.
羽支上還有更小的分枝，稱為羽小枝。所有這些分支構成了一個可以聚集空氣飛行的輕型結構。
How many species of birds are there in the world?
世界上有多少種鳥類？
There are around 10,000 different known species of birds today.
今天有大約 10,000 種不同的已知鳥類。
Parts of a bird 鳥的身體部位
Head 頭
Crown 頂冠
Forehead 額
Chin 頦
Eye 眼睛
Nape 枕 (頸背)
Back 背
Beak 嘴/喙
Throat 喉
Breast 胸
Toe 趾
Claw 爪
Thigh 腿
Belly 腹
Wing 翼
Tail 尾
Uppertail coverts 尾上覆羽
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